نشریه پژوهش توانبخشی در پرستاری
سال دهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 37، پاییز 1402)

According to the results of many studies that people who experience incomplete and persistent Mourning are more exposed to mental and physical injuries, including depression and other mental disorders. The purpose of this study is to explain the experience of the families of those
who died from covid-19.

The results of this research include 3 main categories (painful death, virtual mourning and strange burial) and 12 sub-categories: glass chamber, complicated and ambiguous death, aliens, minimal care, strange mourning, internet sympathy, online mourning, solitary mourning, Burial in homelessness, waiting eyes, emotional isolation and lack of social support

.The results of this research include 3 main categories of painful death, virtual mourning and strange burial and 12 subcategories of glass chamber, complicated and ambiguous death, aliens, minimal care, strange mourning, internet sympathy, online mourning, solitary mourning. Burial in
exile, waiting eyes, emotional isolation and lack of social support.

Based on the findings of the current research and previous studies in this field, it can be expressed that Survivors of people who died due to Corona have reported adverse experiences from this phenomenon which this suppressed mourning and not receiving social support can have destructive effects on their psyche.

The autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder, which causes and increases psychological problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was determining the effectiveness of music therapy on self-harm behaviors and executive functions in children with autism disorder.

The present research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male with autistic disorder that referred to counseling and occupational therapy centers of Ahvaz city in the second half of 2021 year, which from them number of 24 people after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by purposive sampling method and by simple randomly with lottery assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group trained 10 sessions of 45 minutes by music therapy method and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. Data were collected with demographic information form, self-harm inventory and executive function scale and were analyzed by chi-square and multivariate analysis of covariance tests in SPSS version 23 software.

The findings showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of age, educational grad and past time of autism disorder (P>0.05). Also, music therapy significantly reduced self-harm behaviors and significantly improved executive functions including self-management to time, self-organization/problem solving, self-restraint/inhibition, self-motivation and self-regulation of emotion in children with autism disorder (P<0.001).

The results of this research showed the effective role of music therapy in reducing self-harm behaviors and improving executive functions of children with autism disorder. Therefore, the use of music therapy along with other treatment methods can be effective to improve the psychological characteristics of children with autism disorder.

Nurses working in Covid-19 wards suffer from a variety of physical and psychological complications that require attention.  this study aimed to compare of demoralization in nurses of COVID-19 wards and other wards admitted to hospitals affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences in 2021.

The present study is a descriptive-analytical study and its statistical population is all nurses working in Covid-19 wards and other wards of Shahid Madani and Imam Ali (AS) hospitals in Karaj affiliated to Alborz University of Medical Sciences in the second half of the 2021. 200 nurses were selected and examined through simple random sampling method based on inclusion criteria. Nurses' demographic characteristics questionnaire and 16-item questionnaire Kissane-II demoralization were used to collect data. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21 software and using statistical tests.

Most of the nurses participating in the study were married, with undergraduate degrees, rotation shift workers with contract employment status who had Covid-19 disease at least once. The mean score of demoralization of nurses working in Covid-19 and other wards were (22.50±2.73) and (17.15 ±3.22), respectively, and were severe. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of nurses' demoralization syndrome (P <0.001), meaning and purpose subscale (P <0.001) and anxiety and coping subscale (P <0.001) and in three cases, the mean scores of nurses working in Covid-19 wards were higher.

It is very important to pay attention to the psychological issues and complications resulting from caring for patients during the Covid-19 pandemic, and it is necessary to take effective management measures to control them. Also, because the demoralization in nurses working in Covid-19 wards was higher than nurses in other words, it is recommended that all nurses, especially front-line nurses, be given more importance and value during the crisis.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of classical cognitive behavioral therapy on children's behavioral adaptation, anxiety and fear of dentistry.

This research was in terms of practical purpose and in terms of research design, it was a semi-experimental type of pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of this research was made up of all children aged 7-11 who referred to the dental clinic during 2019 and were suffering from fear and anxiety. 30 children were selected from among the referring children in the available way and were randomly divided into two experimental (15 people) and control (15 people) groups. So that the experimental group received cognitive behavioral therapy for 10 sessions of 90 minutes once a week for 3 months; While the control group did not receive training. To collect data, children's fear questionnaire- dental sub-index, dental anxiety questionnaire and behavioral adaptation scale were used. Data analysis was done with the statistical method of multivariate covariance analysis.

The results of the research showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in terms of the variables of behavioral adaptation, dental anxiety and fear of children (P<0.01).

In fact, cognitive-behavioral therapy causes fear and anxiety and increases children's behavioral adaptation in dentistry.

It is important and necessary to examine the factors affecting nurses' distress tolerance, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the role of metacognition and emotion regulation components in predicting the distress tolerance of nurses.

The present research method was descriptive-correlation. The research community included all the nurses of teaching hospitals in Tehran in the second six months of 2022, and 120 qualified people were selected as a sample using available sampling method. And they responded to Wells and Cartwright-Houghton metacognition questionnaires, Gross and John & emotion regulation, Simmons and Gaher distress tolerance questionnaires. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used with the help of SPSS version 22 software.

The results showed that the correlation between metacognition (r=0.570) and emotion regulation components including reappraisal (r=0.304) and suppression (r=0.569) with distress tolerance was positive and significant (01/01). 0>p). And the components of metacognition and emotion regulation had 32.8% ability to predict changes in distress tolerance.

It is necessary to pay attention to the role of metacognition and emotion regulation in order to improve and promote nurses' distress tolerance.

The difference in the force distribution of plantar muscles in the landing stage in volleyball players is an important factor in the lack of balance control and the occurrence of injuries. The aim of this study was to Comparison of plantar pressure and static balance of volleyball boys in the stance phase of walking.

The current research was semi-experimental and descriptive-cross-sectional. For this purpose, 64 healthy male volleyball players were purposefully divided into 3 age groups; Infants (n=22), teenagers (n=24) and young adults (n=18). Training was considered at least 3 days a week. A foot pressure device was used to determine the pressure distribution of the plantar muscles on the way back and forth. To compare the foot contact surface and the impulse of the front and rear parts of the right and left foot between the groups, the independent t test and multivariate analysis of variance at the alpha level of 0.05 were used to check the distribution of the center of pressure.

Multivariate variance analysis for the comparison of the contact surface (front and rear foot) in the right foot (P = 0.423) and left foot (P = 0.706) did not show any significant difference between the three groups of infants, teenagers and young adults. The results of multivariate analysis of variance for the comparison of impulse (front foot and back foot) in the right and left foot between the three groups of infants, teenagers and young people did not have any significant difference (P = 0.496). Comparing the center of pressure in internal to external and anterior to posterior sections, there was no significant difference between the three groups of infants, teenagers and young adults (P = 0.062). But there was a significant decrease in the duration of stability in the internal to external part in the group of infants and teenagers (P = 0.012) and in the group of young people (P = 0.023). However, there was no significant difference in the duration of stability in the anterior to posterior part in any of the groups (P = 0.768).

According to the possible results, reducing the contact of the front and back parts of the right and left feet by reducing the duration of stability weakens the static balance in volleyball players and increases the possibility of injury in the lower limbs.

according to the consequences of the covid-19 in the regulation of emotions and the quality of life of people in the community and the importance of stress management, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of stress management treatment on the regulation of emotions and the quality of life of corona patients.

This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The research population included all patients with covid-19 disease who referred to Tabriz specialized and sub-specialized recovery hospital in the fall of 2022, and the target sample included 30 people who recovered from corona, who were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two control groups and Tests were assigned. The experimental group received 8 90-minute sessions of stress management training for two months, and the control group did not receive training during this period and remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools include the Gross Emotional Regulation Gross & John (2003) and the quality of life of the World Health Organization (2000). Data analysis was done with SPSS software version 24 and variance analysis test with repeated measurements between groups.

The results showed that there was a difference between the two experimental and control groups in the post-test of emotion regulation variables (p>0.001) and quality of life components (p>0.001), and the results were stable during the follow-up period (0.001 >p).

The results showed that stress management treatment was effective in improving emotional regulation and quality of life of patients with covid-19, therefore, health professionals can use the stress management training method along with other effective methods to improve the psychological characteristics related to covid-19.

Students with dysgraphia have deficits in attention and response inhibition, but not much attention has been paid to the treatment of these children's deficits, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of child-centered mindfulness on attention and response inhibition of students with dysgraphia.

The present study was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a follow-up period with a control group. The research population included all second and third grade female students with dysgraphia in Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were referred from regular schools to educational and rehabilitation centers for special learning problems. 28 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method; And they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups and responded to Yaqoubi et al.'s dysgraphia diagnostic questionnaires (2021), Mandy Brackencamp's selective attention, concentration and effort test (2002) and Bruno-Nero Hoffman test (1984). Then, the experimental group received the child-centered mindfulness training program for 10 sessions of 60 minutes, but only school training was provided to the control group. After the training sessions, the post-test was conducted. For data analysis, repeated measurement test was used with SPSS version 24 software at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that by controlling the effect of the pre-test, there was a significant difference between the average post-test scores of the experimental and control groups in attention and response inhibition variables, and these results continued in the follow-up period (P<0.01).

It can be said that the child-centered mindfulness program was effective in improving the attention and response inhibition of dyslexic students. Therefore, it is suggested to use the child-centered mindfulness treatment method in clinics and psychological service centers as an effective intervention method.

In recent years, alterations in shoes insoles are used as an effective factor on running kinematic and kinetics in order to improve performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to  explore the effects of using double density spike shoes and regular spike shoes on the ground reaction force components before and after fatigue.

The present study was quasi-experimental. The statistical sample of the present study included 13 female runners (Age: 20.4±2.4). Based on the availability, two models of Nike shoes (Nike, Nike Zoom Rival, USA) were selected. Participants were asked to use both shoes before and after fatigue protocol while the ground reaction forces were recorded. Two way ANOVA with repeated measure was used for statistical analysis at significant level of 0.05.

The results showed that main effect of the shoe for the initial peak values of the ground reaction force along the vertical axis is statistically significant (P=0.005). Paired-wise comparison revealed lower initial peak values of the ground reaction force along the vertical axis while using double density spike shoes than that regular spike shoes. Also, main effect of fatigue for free moment values was statistically significant (P=0.002).

Double-density shoes decreased the free moment and loading rate values compared with regular running shoes.

Childhood fears are one of the most common childhood psychological problems that must be diagnosed and treated in time. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of play therapy and the Kendall therapy program on the fear of female children.

This research was conducted quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all girls suffering from fear in the first and second grade of elementary school in Isfahan city in 2021-2022. Using a multi-stage random sampling method, 45 people were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of play therapy, therapy program Kendall and the control group were divided. To collect data, Ollandik's children's fear questionnaire (1983) was used and to analyze the data, SPSS-24 software was used with repeated analysis of variance.

The results of the research showed that the overall score of the fear scale in both the game therapy group and the Kendall group decreased significantly in both the post-test and the follow-up phase (P<0.0001), but it seems that the game Treatment is more effective than Kendall's treatment in reducing children's fear.

It can be said that play therapy and Kendall therapy are effective psychotherapies to reduce the fears of female children. Therefore, in order to treat anxiety disorders in children and improve their mental health, mental health professionals can benefit from these treatments, especially play therapy.